【环球时报综合报道】一项来自英国牛津大学的最新研究显示，人类如果从化石能源转向可再生能源，到2050年可节省12万亿美元。据英国广播公司(BBC)13日报道，目前人们对于能源供应的担忧日益加剧，天然气价格也在飙升，科研人员认为，由于可再生能源的成本在下降，目前的绿色环保在经济层面也是有收益的。

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    Medicine File photo: VCG
China has granted marketing approval of its first drug for the prevention of acute mountain sickness, filling the long-standing gap in the domestic market where no such medications had been available, Science and Technology Daily reported on Tuesday.
The National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) has approved the marketing of acetazolamide sustained-release capsules, the report said. As the first specialized drug in China indicated for preventing of acute mountain sickness, its approval marks the end of the country's lack of dedicated preventive treatment for altitude illness. 
By inhibiting the activity of carbonic anhydrase, acetazolamide promotes the renal excretion of bicarbonate, corrects respiratory alkalosis caused by hypoxia at high altitudes, thereby regulating acid-base balance, optimizing respiratory status, elevating blood oxygen levels, and reducing the risk of onset at the source. 
In contrast to health products that only provide auxiliary regulatory effects, this medication has been validated through stringent clinical trials and stands as a specialized drug approved by the NMPA with a clear indication for prevention, said the report.
Led by principal investigator is Luobu Gesang, a deputy dean of the People's Hospital of Xizang Autonomous Region, the clinical trial was designed by his team and has yielded critical evidence to inform prevention strategies for altitude sickness that are specifically adapted to Chinese and Asian populations. 
"Previously, although acetazolamide had already been used internationally for the prevention of acute mountain sickness, China had long lacked an NMPA-approved acetazolamide formulation supported by rigorous clinical trials. Furthermore, the existing international formulations were short-acting tablets requiring multiple daily doses, and no drugs with the relevant indication were available on the domestic market for an extended period," said Luobu Gesang.
The sustained-release capsule approved this time not only fills this critical gap but also optimizes the dosage form, providing more reliable and convenient medication protection for the physical health and life safety of people entering high-altitude areas, he added.
Clinical trials showed that, compared with the placebo group, the incidence of acute mountain sickness in the medication group was significantly reduced, with the incidence of moderate-to-severe acute mountain sickness decreasing by 14.6 percent, according to the report.
Related research has been published in the international flagship journal of high-altitude medicine, High Altitude Medicine & Biology.
Global Times
。牛津大学马丁学院新经济思想研究所的多恩·法尔莫教授对媒体表示：“即使你是一名对气候变化持否认态度者，也应该赞同我们的主张。

C | 我们的关键结论就是，应该全速推进向可再生绿色能源的转型，这将为我们节省大量资金。” 这份研究报告的结果来自于对可再生能源和化石能源历史价格的对比数据，并对两者未来可能发生的变化进行建模预测。石油、天然气等化石能源的数据可以从2020年向前追溯100多年，在排除通货膨胀和市场波动影响后，化石能源的价格变化并不大。相比之下，可再生能源诞生不过几十年，数据较少，但就在这几十年里，因为科技的不断进步，也促使太阳能、风能的成本在以每年大约10%的速度迅速下降。

D | 基于该模型，这份研究预测：在投入了大量资金、形成规模经济和采用更廉价的技术后，可再生能源的价格未来将继续下跌。该研究报告的主要作者史密斯企业与环境学院的鲁珀特·韦博士表示，“扩大关键绿色技术的规模，将导致成本继续降低；我们前进得越快，节省的成本就越多。”目前，风能和太阳能已经是新建电力项目中最便宜的选择，但人们还需要研究，如果发生天气变化，导致可再生能源产量下降时，如何最好地储存电力、平衡电网等具体问题。2019年，英国时任财政大臣菲利普·哈蒙德曾在给首相的信中指出，到2050年，英国为实现温室气体“零排放”的成本将超过1万亿英镑，如此高的预期投入或将阻碍投资。(董铭)